Section II: Mannerisms Related to Eid
Firstly: Eating on Eid
It is mustahabb to eat before the prayer of Eid al-Fitr and after the prayer of Eid al-Adha. Ibn Rushd and Ibn Qudamah related consensus on this.
Secondly: Ghusl
It is sunnah to perform ghusl for the two Eids. This is the position of the majority: the Hanafis, Shafi`is, Hanbalis, and one position among Malikis [606] The well-known positon of the Maliki school is that the Friday ghusl is mustahabb. However, they distinguish between sunnah and mustahabb. .
Thirdly: Perfume
It is mustahabb to use perfume on the day of Eid by agreement of the four schools of jurisprudence.
Fourthly: Wearing one’s best clothing on Eid
It is mustahabb to go to the Eid prayer adorned and in the best of appearances. This is by agreement of the four schools of jurisprudence.
Fifthly: Congratulations for Eid
There is no harm in offering congratulations on the occasion of Eid. This is by agreement of the four schools of jurisprudence.
Sixthly: Expansivness in enjoying permissible matters on Eid
It is permissible to be expansive in enjoying permissible matters on Eid, such as boys playing, young girls singing, etc. This is by agreement of the four schools of jurisprudence.
Seventhly: Saying Allahu akbar during Eid
- Legality of saying Allahu Akbar during Eid al-Adha:
Saying Allahu Akbar during Eid al-Adha is legislated. Consensus on this was realted by Ibn Qudamah, al-Nawawi, Ibn Taymiyyah, and Ibn Rajab.
- Saying Allahu Akbar unconditionally:
Saying Allahu Akbar unconditionally [607] Al-Nawawi says: “The unconditional is that which is not limited to a particular state. Rather, it is said in homes, mosques, on roads, at night, during the day, and at other times.” (Al-Majmu`, 5/32) is legislated during Eid al-Adha from the first day of Dhu al-Hijjah to sunset on the last day of tashreeq. This is the position of some Hanbalis, and is the position of choice of Ibn Baz and Ibn `Uthaymin.
- When to say Allahu Akbar at specific times during Eid al-Adha:
Specific [608] Ibn `Uthaymin says: “The difference between the unconditional and specific is the unconditional is said at all times while the specific is after the five prescribed prayers during Eid al-Adha only.” (Majmu` Fatawa wa Rasa’il al-`Uthaymin, 16/265) utterances of Allahu Akbar start from the fajr prayer on the Day of `Arafah to the `asr prayer during the last day of tashreeq; i.e. the thirteenth day. This is the position of the Hanbali [609] Hanbalis distinguish between one performing hajj and others. One not performing hajj starts saying Allahu Akbar at fajr on the Day of `Arafah. As for one performing hajj, he starts at zuhr on the day of Eid al-Adha. school, Abu Yusuf and Muhammad ibn al-Hasan of the Hanafi school, some Shafi`is, and a group of the Salaf. It is the position of choice of Ibn al-Mundhir, al-Nawawi, Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn Hajar, Ibn Baz, and Ibn `Uthaymin.
- Ruling of saying Allahu Akbar during Eid al-Fitr:
It is sunnah to say Allahu Akbar during Eid al-Fitr. [610] Saying Allahu Akbar is particularly called for when heading to the Eid prayer. This is the position of the majority: the Malikis, Shafi`is, Hanbalis, and Abu Yusuf and Muhammad ibn al-Hasan of the Hanafi school.
- When to commence saying Allahu Akbar during Eid al-Fitr:
The time for saying Allahu Akbar begins at sunset on the night of Eid. This is the position of the Shafi`i and Hanbali schools, one position of Malikis, and a position of a group of the Salaf. It is the position of choice of Ibn Hazm, Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn Baz, and Ibn `Uthaymin.
- When to stop saying Allahu Akbar during Eid al-Fitr:
Saying Allahu Akbar during Eid al-Fitr ends with the Eid prayer. Malikis have explicitly mentioned this, and it is the soundest position of the Shafi`i school as well as a narration from Ahmad. It is the position of choice of Ibn Baz and Ibn `Uthaymin.
- Specific times to say Allahu Akbar during Eid al-Fitr:
Eid al-Fitr does not have any specific utterances of Allahu Akbar after the prayers. This is by agreement of the four schools of jurisprudence.
- Formulation to use when saying Allahu Akbar during Eid:
There is no specific formulation necessary when saying Allahu Akbar. [611] Some formulations of saying Allahu Akbar include: Allah is greatest! Allah is greatest! There is no god but Allah. Allah is greatest! Allah is greatest! To Allah all praise is due. Allah is greatest! Allah is greatest! Allah is greatest! There is no god but Allah. Allah is greatest! Allah is greatest! To Allah all praise is due. Allah is greatest! Allah is greatest! Allah is altogether great! The matter is expansive. This is the position of Malik, a narration from Ahmad, and the position of Ibn Taymiyyah, al-San`ani, Ibn Baz, and Ibn `Uthaymin.
- Best formulation of Allahu Akbar:
It is optimal to say: “Allah is greatest! Allah is greatest! There is no god but Allah. Allah is greatest! Allah is greatest! To Allah be all praise.” This is the position of the Hanafi [612] It is said once. It is wajib according to them after the prescribed prayers. and Hanbali schools, as well as the old position of al-Shafi`i and a group of the Salaf.
- Saying Allahu Akbar out loud:
It is sunnah for men to say Allahu Akbar out loud. This is the position of the majority: the Malikis, Shafi`is, and Hanbalis, as well as one narration from Abu Hanifah. It is the position of Hanafis such as Abu Yusf, Muhammad ibn al-Hasan, and al-Tahawi.
- Ruling of saying Allahu Akbar in congregation:
Saying Allahu Akbar in congregation is not legislated during Eid. [613] Meaning when a group – two or more – raise their voices in saying Allahu Akbar together, starting together, ending together, as a single voice and in a particular manner. Maliki jurists have explicitly mentioned that it is an innovation and al-Shatibi concurred. This is also the position of Ibn Baz, al-Albani, and Ibn `Uthaymin.