Section 1: Parent-child visitation and travelling with the child under custody

Parents-child visitation: The four Madhabs are in consensus that child visitation is the right of both parents, and it is not permissible for one of them to deprive the other of this right.
2. Travelling with the child in custody
a. If the mother is travelling from one country to another: The four Madhabs are in consensus that the custody of the woman is forfeited if she travels outside the country. [268]    The Hanafi Madhab excludes the following cases: (i) if the travel was to a country in which her marriage was conducted or consummated, (ii) if the relocation was from a village to a city, (iii) if the relocation was for a distance less than the distance required for shorting the prayer. According to the Shafi’i Madhab: the father is absolutely entitled to custody in case of the relocation, whether the father or mother was the one relocating. The Hanbali Madhab is of the view that the custody of the mother is not fortified if she is relocating to a place distance to which is less than the travel to a distance less than the distance required for shorting the prayer. However, if the travelling is to a far and safe place, the father will be more entitled to custody, whether the traveler is the father or the mother.
b. If the mother is travelling out of necessity: If the mother travels out of necessity, her custody will not be forfeited, which is the view of the Maliki Madhab, and the view of Ibn ‘Uthaymeen.