Secondly: What is permissible for the fasting
1. Junub delaying washing until after fajr:
It is permissible for the junub to delay washing from major hadath until after fajr. Consensus has been quoted over this by: Ibn al-`Arabi, Ibn Qudamah, and Ibn Hajar.
2. Menstruating woman delaying her wash until after fajr:
It is permissible for the menstruating woman once she stops bleeding to delay washing until after fajr. This is by agreement of the four schools of jurisprudence.
3. Gurgling and sniffing up water:
It is permissible for the fasting person to gurgle and sniff up water without exaggeration. Consensus has been quoted over this by Ibn Taymiyyah.
4. Fasting person washing and cooling down with water:
There is no problem with the fasting person washing and cooling down with water. This is by agreement of the four schools of jurisprudence.
5. Tasting food where there's a need:
It is permissible for the fasting person to taste food for a need or a benefit, like checking how cooked it is, how salty it is, or testing it before buying it. This is as long as it is spat out after and the mouth is rinsed. This is the position of the majority: Hanafis, Shafi`is and Hanbalis.
6. Kissing and direct touching for the one who can control himself:
Kissing and direct touching other than the private parts are permissible for the fasting person as long as they can control themselves. This is the position of the majority: Hanafis, Shafi`is, Hanbalis.
7. Smelling perfumes and general scents:
It is permissible for the fasting person to perfume themselves and smell any scent. This is by agreement of the four schools of jurisprudence. [815] Malikis view it as makruh for the non-secluded fasting person, and Shafi`is view it as makruh to smell perfume for the fasting person generally.
- Ruling of inhaling incense
Scholars have differed over the ruling of inhaling incense for the fasting person according to two views:
The first: It is that inhaling incense [816] Simply smelling it without inhaling it or deliberation does not break the fast. See: Majmu` Fatawa Ibn Baz (266/15), Majmu` Fatawa Ibn `Uthaymin (223/19). invalidates the fast. [817] Hanbalis did not explicitly mention the one who inhales incense and his ruling, but have stated that it is makruh for the fasting person to smell what may make him inhale to his throat, like incense, oud, or ambergris. They also hold the position of the person who deliberately inhales smoke as having broken his fast. This is the position of the Hanafis, Malikis, and the choice of Ibn `Uthaymin.
The second: It is that inhaling incense does not invalidate the fast. This is the position of the Shafi`is, Ibn Hazm, and Ibn Taymiyyah.

8. Ruling of using the siwak:
It is permissible for the fasting person to use siwak, regardless whether it is before or after the sun's zenith. This is the position of the Hanafis, the choice of Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn al-Qayyim, al-Shawkani, Ibn Baz, al-Albani, Ibn `Urhaymin, and a group of scholars.
9. Ruling of using toothpaste:
It is permissible for the fasting person to use toothpaste, though he must be careful of it reaching the throat. This is the position of Ibn Baz and Ibn `Uthaymin, and it is the verdict of the International Fiqh Academy.
10. Using kohl:
It is permissible for the fasting person to use kohl. This is the position of the Hanafis, Shafi`is, the choice of Ibn Taymiyyah, al-Shawkani, Ibn Baz, Ibn `Uthaymin, and al-Albani.
11. Using eye drops:
It is permissible for the fasting person to use eye drops. This is the position of the Hanafis, Shafi`is, and the choice of Ibn Baz and Ibn `Uthaymin.
12. Using ear drops:
It is permissible for the fasting person to use ear drops. This is the position of Ibn Hazm, Ibn `Uthaymin, and Ibn Baz.