Names
This surah is called Surat Al-Hashr. [377] See: Al-Fayruzabadi: Basa?ir Dhawi At-Tamyiz, 1/458; Tafsir Ibn ?Ashur, 28/62.
It was narrated that Sa?id ibn Jubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I said to Ibn ?Abbas: ? Surat Al-Hashr? He said: It was revealed concerning Banu An-Nadir. [378] Narrated by Al-Bukhari, 4882; Muslim, 3031.
It is also called Surat Banu An-Nadir. [379] See: Tafsir Ibn ?Ashur, 28/63.
It was narrated that Sa?id ibn Jubayr also said in one report: I said to Ibn ?Abbas: Surat Al-Hashr? He said: Rather say: Surat Banu An-Nadir. [380] Narrated by Al-Bukhari, 4029.
Makki or Madani?
Surat Al-Hashr is Madani; more than one of the commentators narrated that there was consensus regarding that. [381] Those who narrated that there was consensus regarding that include: Ibn ?Atiyyah, Ibn Al-Jawzi and Al-Qurtubi. See: Tafsir Ibn ?Atiyyah, 5/256; Tafsir Ibn Al-Jawzi, 4/253; Tafsir Al-Qurtubi, 18/1.
Objectives
The most important objectives of this surah include:
Discussing the campaign against Banu An-Nadir and how Allah granted victory to His believing slaves and humiliated the misguided. [382] See: Tafsir Ibn ?Ashur, 28/63; At-Tantawi: At-Tafsir Al-Wasit, 14/280.
Mentioning some of the beautiful names and sublime attributes of Allah. [383] See: At-Tantawi: At-Tafsir Al-Wasit, 14/280.
Topics
The most significant topics addressed in Surat Al-Hashr include:
Declaring Allah, may He be Glorified and Exalted, to be far above anything that is not befitting to Him; highlighting His glory and His wisdom in running the affairs of the universe.
Discussing the campaign against Banu An-Nadir and what Allah, may He be Glorified and Exalted, enabled the Muslims to do of expelling them, despite what they had of strength, fortresses and weapons.
Discussing the division of the wealth of Banu An-Nadir, and Allah?s wisdom in guiding His Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) in this matter (rulings on fay?, i.e., booty captured without a fight).
Praise for the Muhajirin and Ansar.
Exposing what the hypocrites were harbouring in their hearts, who had formed an alliance with the Jews against the believers; some aspects of their lies and treacherous promises.
Describing Banu An-Nadir and the hypocrites as cowards and divided; comparing the way in which the hypocrites deceived the Jews with the way in which the Shaytan deceives those who disbelieve in Allah, then he will disavow them on the Day of Resurrection.
Commanding the believers to fear Allah, and forbidding them to follow the example of the evildoers who rebel against the command of Allah; reminder of the great difference between the two groups.
Highlighting how great and majestic the Qur?an is, and how the people of the Qur?an should fear Allah.
The surah ends with mention of some of the names and attributes of Allah, may He be Glorified and Exalted,.