Makki or Madani?
Surat Sad is Makki; more than one of the commentators narrated that there was consensus regarding that. [262] Those who narrated that there was consensus regarding that include Al-Mawardi, Ibn ?Atiyyah and Ibn Al-Jawzi. See: Tafsir Al-Mawardi, 5/75; Tafsir Ibn ?Atiyyah, 4/561; Tafsir Ibn Al-Jawzi, 3/557.

Objectives:
The most important objectives of this surah include:
Establishing proof of the oneness and might of Allah, may He be Glorified and Exalted,, and of the truthfulness of the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him), and that the resurrection is true, along with refutation of the specious arguments of the polytheists. [263] See: At-Tantawi: At-Tafsir Al-Wasit, 12/127.

Topics:
The most significant topics addressed in Surat Sad include:
1- Highlighting the attitude of the polytheists towards the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him), their denying his prophethood, and the message of Tawhid that he brought.
2- Consoling the Messenger (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) for what he suffered from his people, by mentioning a number of the nations who rejected their messengers, and the command telling him (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) to be patient.
3- The story of Dawud and Sulayman (peace be upon them).
4- The story of Ayyub (peace be upon him), Allah's testing him, and how he bore it with patience.
5- Allah's praise for His prophets: Ibrahim, Is-haq, Ya'qub, Isma'il, Alyasa', and Dhul-Kufl (peace be upon them)

6- Mentioning some of what Allah, may He be Glorified and Exalted, has prepared for the pious of bliss, and what He has prepared for the transgressors of punishment and torment.
7- Some aspects of the story of Adam and Iblis.