Overall meaning : When the Jews claimed that eternal bliss in the hereafter would be exclusively theirs, Allah Almighty instructed His Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, to say to them: If what you claim is true, then meet with the Muslims and call upon Allah to bring death upon the party that has lied. But they will never do so because of their unbelief and the sins they have committed. Allah Almighty is fully aware of them and of every single wrongdoer, and He will repay them according to their deeds.
Allah Almighty then informs His Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, about the Jews, stating that he will find that they cling to life more eagerly than any other people, even more than those who worship idols besides Allah and do not believe in the resurrection! Each one of them would love to live a thousand years; and even if they lived this long, this would by no means keep them away from punishment in the hereafter. Allah Almighty sees all that these Jews do, and He will repay them according to their actions.